ABSTRACT
Abstract The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii and Isaria fumosorosea were tested for their efficacy in managing the exotic spiraling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) on cassava (Manihot esculenta) during 2 seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). The fungi I. fumosorosea and L. lecanii exhibited promising levels of control (> 70% mortality of the A. dispersus population). The percent mortality increased over time in both seasons. Application of I. fumosorosea was highly pathogenic to A. dispersus in both seasons compared to the other entomopathogenic fungi. Analysis of the percent mortality in both seasons revealed differences in efficacy between 3 and 15 days after treatment. The season also influenced the effects of the fungi on the A. dispersus population. Thus, entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to manage A. dispersus infestation of cassava.
Subject(s)
Animals/microbiology , Animals/parasitology , Animals/physiology , Animals/prevention & control , Hemiptera/microbiology , Hemiptera/parasitology , Hemiptera/physiology , Hemiptera/prevention & control , Hypocreales/microbiology , Hypocreales/parasitology , Hypocreales/physiology , Hypocreales/prevention & control , Manihot/microbiology , Manihot/parasitology , Manihot/physiology , Manihot/prevention & control , Pest Control, Biological/microbiology , Pest Control, Biological/parasitology , Pest Control, Biological/physiology , Pest Control, Biological/prevention & control , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Plant Diseases/physiology , Plant Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
A total of 98 Manihot species have been recognized in the genus. All of them are native to the tropics of the New World, particularly Brazil and Mexico. The cultigen, Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava), grows throughout the lowland tropics. Wild species vary in growth habit from acaulescent or short shrubs to tree-like. Because of their adaptations to different conditions, they are gene reservoirs for tackling many abiotic and biotic stresses such as improving root quality and resistance to diseases. They have been used successfully by the first author for improving protein content, seed-fertility, apomixis, resistance to mealy bug, and tolerance to drought. A table of the most important species from an economic viewpoint is presented.
Subject(s)
Crosses, Genetic , Manihot/genetics , Crops, Agricultural/genetics , Adaptation, Physiological , Biological Evolution , Brazil , Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Genetic Variation , Hybridization, Genetic , Manihot/anatomy & histology , Manihot/classification , Manihot/physiology , Reproduction, Asexual , Crops, Agricultural/economics , Crops, Agricultural/physiologyABSTRACT
Wild cassava relatives are perennials and vary in growth pattern from nearly acaulescent subshrubs to small trees. They have been used as a source of useful characters such as high protein content, apomixis, resistance to mealybug and mosaic disease, and tolerance to drought. Indigenous clones are a potential source of beta-carotene and lycopene. Apomixis genes have been transferred to the crop successfully through interspecific hybridization, and apomictic clones arising from these hybrids are now being grown at the Universidade de Brasília. Interspecific hybrids produced earlier were polyploidized and had their fertility restored. Different useful types of chimera were also produced.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/metabolism , Genes, Plant , Manihot/genetics , Brazil , Carotenoids , Chromosomal Instability , Manihot/growth & development , Manihot/physiology , Plants, Genetically Modified , Polyploidy , Breeding , Chimera/genetics , ReproductionABSTRACT
Alguns aspectos ligados à tecnologia de proteínas de folhas, com ênfase para as folhas de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), säo revisados. A composiçäo em aminoácidos, as propriedades bioquímicas, a importância nutricional e os princípios dos métodos de extraçäo säo apresentados. As folhas de mandioca apresentam elevado teor de proteínas (20-30 por cento base seca), de valor nutricional adequado às recomendaçöes da FAO, além de altos teores de vitaminas A e C e de minerais. Algumas aplicaçöes potenciais em nitruçäo humana ou animal como substrato para a indústria de biotecnologia säo discutidas
Subject(s)
Manihot , Nutritive Value , Proteins , Manihot/physiology , Minerals , VitaminsABSTRACT
It was utilized in the present work, a species of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), variety "osso duro", solaty dried at ñ 30-C and artificially dried at 60-C. The biological studies on the use of flour of bittes of cassava, variety "osso duro", demonstrated that the flour dried at 60-C can substitute maize starch as source of energy, while the flour of cassava dried by solar energy cannot, due to the high concentration of hydrocyanic acid (1,376 mg%) in comparison to the first (0,317 mg%).